Microeconomics Supply and Demand Concept

Introduction Microeconomics is a field in economics that studies the individual behavior of modern households and firms and how they make decisions to allocate resources (Arnold 303). Microeconomics seeks to examine how decisions made and behavior patterns affect demand and supply of goods and services.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Microeconomics: Supply and Demand Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply and demand concept Demand and supply are the fundamental concepts of microeconomics this is because firms determine what, how and how much to produce, while households decide what and how much to consume. Allocation of economic activities is dependent on supply and demand to meet market equilibrium which is the point where demand and supply meet (Colander 13). Demand is defined as the willingness of the customer to buy a product at a particular price and the law of demand states that the higher the pr ice, the lower the demand and the lower the price, the higher the demand (Arnold 303). Demand is an economic phenomenon that states demand reflects what households are willing and able to pay for and it is ready to buy different amounts of good at different prices (Samuelson and Nordhaus 13). There are two types of goods; the normal goods that obey the law of demand that states the higher the price the lower the demand and the lower the price the higher the demand. Secondly, is the giffen goods, and these are goods that do not obey the law of demand and whose demand curve flows on the opposite direction. The demand for giffen goods is higher when the price is higher and lower when the price of the good is lowered. Quantity demanded is defined as the amount of a good that will be bought in the market at a given price. The law of quantity demanded states that, if the price of a product rises then the quantity demanded falls and if the price of a product falls then quantity demanded ri ses (Baumol and Blinder 100; Colander 13). Supply on the other hand, is the cumulative willingness of all firms to produce various amounts of products at various prices. The law of supply states that the higher the price the higher the supply and the lower the price, the lower the supply. Firms produce goods depending on the market price they can get for the goods they produce (Colander 14). The firms produce and supply different products at different market prices. Market supply is defined as the aggregate quantity of a good that all the firms that produce it will make available at all possible prices.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The supply curve is always straight, and slopes upward from left to right, representing the law of supply. Quantity supplied is defined as the amount of good that firms will be willing to sell in the market at a given price. The law of quantit y supplied states that if the price of the market falls then quantity supplied will fall and if the price of the market rises, then the quantity supplied will rise (Baumol and Blinder 101). The market equilibrium is defined as the point where the demand curve and supply curve meet to at the one and only price at which quantity supplied and quantity demanded are equal. At equilibrium there are no market forces operating to influence quantity and price, and it is represented in graph form by the two curves intersecting. Supply and demand is an economic factor that influences the price determination of a market. The two in a competitive market will settle where the quantity demanded by customers and the quantity supplied by producers meet at the center, which determines the price and quality. If the demand increases and supply remains unchanged, it leads to higher price and quantity and if demand decreases and supply remains unchanged then it leads to lower price and quality (Arnold 30 6). If the supply decreases and demand remains unchanged it attracts a higher price and lower quality, and lastly if supply increases and demand remains unchanged it leads to lower prices and higher quantity. The shift in equilibrium is caused by factors that affect the quantity supplied and quantity demanded (Baumol and Blinder 105). Some of the factors that influence the quantity supplied include production costs, technology used in production, price of related goods, number of suppliers and firm’s expectation about future prices. On the other hand, the factors that influence demand include income, taste and preference, price of related goods and services, consumer expectations of future price and income, and lastly the number of potential customers (Colander 13). The concept of demand and supply faces the great economic problem of scarcity of resources in the aim of meeting desired ends. Supply and demand tries to solve the problem of shortage and surplus through raising o r reducing the resources, as they are required (Baumol and Blinder 108).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Microeconomics: Supply and Demand Concept specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To address shortage and surplus economic challenges Colander (13) notes, the supply and demand concept needs to address factors of what goods and services should one produce and in different quantity. Secondly, the type and quantity of produce to deal with, that is the choice of production (14). Thirdly, who to produce for, where it is determined who gets how much to produce. Other factors to rise include utilization of resources, production efficiency and growing produce capacity and lastly the purchasing power of the consumers (15). Application of supply and demand concept The U.S department of agriculture stated the soaring growth of demand of organic products by giving the rising sales statistics of organic products (Faber 3). In terms of cash, the demand had grown from 3billion in 1997 to 10billion in 2003. The sales of organic food had grown by 20% annually and there was a forecast by experts that the industry share of the U.S food market was expected to grow from 2% to 3.5% (Faber 4). This according to Faber (4) indicated that the demand was growing so fast outstripping the quantity supplied, forcing the U.S food department to spend more than 1billion a year to import organic food and the ratio between import and export was 8:1. Most of these imports came from the European Union and specifically from farmers who had weaker organic standards in about 12.6million acres. The cost of importing the organic products was very costly on the U.S food department and it started encouraging American farmers to start producing organic products (6). This meant farmers in the U.S would stop using synthetic fertilizer and start applying natural fertilizer only. Before the farmers could start selling under the label of â €˜organic’ it would take them three years to ensure the farms are free from non-organic fertilizers. The practice of growth hormones and antibiotics was also to be abandoned. The government encouraged farmers to make the transition and though it would lower the yield in the long run, it was a cheap method of production, and yield was bound to double once the farm was fully organic. Organic food prices in the U.S is a little costly than the non-organic foods, this is because the supply of organic is limited and the quantity demanded is high (Faber 6). The demand and supply concept applies in this situation because of the economic problem of organic food shortage. The farmers, who are the organic food supplier, strive to increase quantity supplied in the market, because the price the consumer is willing to pay is high (Arnold 310). The law of quantity supplied states the supplier will supply more if the market price is high and vise verse.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During importation, there is market disequilibrium because the quantity and price do not seem to meet to determine a balance. To complete the balance the U.S government encourages farmers in the U.S to make a transition to produce organic products. The U.S department tries to bring harmony between price and quantity by motivating farmers and offering assistance to organic farmers (Faber 8). The U.S set standards to the organic food grown by its farmers and maintains the organic standards to keep supplying the product to the consumer in demand. The highly competitive market is significant in pricing of the organic products; this is because the European Union has a huge market advantage and has a pricing advantage (Arnold 311). Since the Americans spend less in transportation and costs of farming organic products is reduced, then the farmers will have a competitive advantage over the European Union. Conclusion The supply and demand concept in a liberalized market freely flows until th e market equilibrium is achieved. Price or quantity advantage does cause a disequilibrium causing shortages or surplus. This can be solved through increasing quantity supplied by increasing the price of the market level, or reducing quantity supplied by reducing the price of the market level. With the help of microeconomics, the market can be studied and stabilized accordingly. Works Cited Arnold, Roger. Microeconomics. New York, Cengage learning. 2010. P303-312 Baumol, William. J and Blinder, Alan. S. Microeconomics: principle and practice. Mason: Cengage learning.2009. P.100-112 Colander, David. Microeconomics. London: McGraw-Hill paperback. 2008. P.13-24 Faber, Scott. â€Å"Demand for organic food growing faster than domestic supply†. Bay journal 4.1(2006): 3-11.washington D. C, Chesapeake. 3 November, 2011https://www.bayjournal.com/ Samuelson, Paul. A and Nordhaus, William. A. Economics (19th edition), New York, Mc Graw Hill.1992. P.3-106 This report on Microeconomics: Supply and Demand Concept was written and submitted by user Jasmin R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

THE MORAL ARGUMENTS AND POLITICAL ACTIONS OF THOSE OPPOSED T essays

THE MORAL ARGUMENTS AND POLITICAL ACTIONS OF THOSE OPPOSED T essays * ASSESS THE MORAL ARGUMENTS AND POLITICAL ACTIONS OF THOSE OPPOSED TO THE SPREAD OF SLAVERY IN THE CONTEXT OF TWO OF THE FOLLOWING. In the 18th and 19th centuries, land was a major commodity as the U.S. was able to collect large amounts of it and expand its territories all the way to the Pacific Ocean.   With these lands came the issue of slavery.   There were many people that opposed the institution of slavery while others who supported it.   There were moral arguments that were made that stated it was a gross violation of a sacred pledge to allow slavery to exist.   While others believed that slavery in new territories would mean more power for the south, many northerners opposed.   These debates led to growing disputes amongst both sides and southerners spoke of secession in the south endlessly.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1819, the key issue of slavery was brought up when a debate arose of whether to admit Missouri as a slave or free state into the United States.   Many people who lived in Missouri were of southern descent and had moved there in order to seek land for farming.   Many of these people pushed for slavery and wanted Missouri to become a slave state.   However, doing so would create a shift in government, as the South would gain more power.   Finally, in 1820, the Missouri Compromise was made, which was engineered by Henry Clay.   It stated that Missouri would enter as a slave state however Maine, formerly a part of Massachusetts, will be admitted as a free state.   In addition, a prohibition on slavery was made on any land above the 36-30 parallel, the southern boundary of Missouri.   This ultimately saved the Union from its first great sectional crisis over slavery, however many more were inevitable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the mid 1800's, the idea of a transcontinental railroad was proposed that would run from the western parts of the U.S. to the eastern cities.   This would help to spread American democr...

Event planning for Asian Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Event planning for Asian Market - Research Paper Example In order to promote themselves, several industries, charitable organizations and interests groups have resorted to holding events. This measure is also adopted by those who desire to reinforce business associations, raise money or just celebrate (slideshare, 2013). The Legendary Palace is a Chinese dim sum restaurant. It has the capacity to accommodate 500 members at a time. Prior to become a restaurant, it had been used as a night club, garment factory, book store and rooming house. The Legendary Palace is located in the bay area of California. It was constructed in 1917 and it has become a historical land mark of that place. Hospitality services tend to be intricate. They fulfil social affiliation and self-identity needs, and generate vast opportunities for differentiation. Several products are simple and necessitate performance to a technical norm. As such event management is a novel procedure that requires creativity and innovation.The customer should feel happy and comfortable, during these events. As such, customer satisfaction should be highest priority of event management. In general, there will be no issues for a land mark hotel like the Legendary Palace, with regard to conducting a wedding on a grand scale. However, due to competition, this hotel has to adopt novel practices and procedures to make it a memorable occasion for the Asian customers. This research will identify the problems if any, with the management of a wedding event in the Legendary Palace. Finally recommendations will be provided for the improvement of procedures of the wedding event for Asian customers. I have made a thorough research with regard to the event management of s wedding in a land mark hotel, such as the Legendary Palace. To this end, I perused many books and articles for retrieving the necessary information. I have consulted online libraries for the extant literature on the topic. Moreover, I have

Social Media Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Media Marketing - Assignment Example The major advantage associated with Social media marketing is that it presents the potential for reaching the customers that other traditional methods of advertising cannot be able to reach. Social media marketing applies technological tools such as the internet, social media platforms and mobile phones to pass and circulate messages regarding a company, brands or products. In this respect, there is no limitation as to the number of people who can be reached by the message, as opposed to the traditional advertisement, where the print or mass media may be limited in accessibility to a certain category of the audience. The other advantage of Social media marketing is that it offers a far easier strategy of building brand loyalty, through allowing the engagement of the customers through every stage of the brand products, such that the final product is tailor-made for customer satisfaction, thus making the customer loyal to the brand. Social media marketing is also advantageous in that i t offers the brand owners and company’s opportunities to improve their products, by learning the customer needs from the feedbacks generated through social media. Nevertheless, the disadvantage associated with Social media marketing is that the effectiveness of social media marketing highly depends on the marketer’s talent and time commitment to developing the advertisement message, as opposed to traditional media which can reach the target audience even without overburdening the marketer with time and talent commitments.

Smoking Tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smoking Tobacco - Essay Example Furthermore, the research paper intends to discuss on the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to the body and the various measures that would help on how to discourage smoking: information drive on the diseases that can be acquired from smoking tobacco, the government intervention to lower down the number of cases of teenage smoking, and policies that would help reduce the consumption of tobacco products among others. Teenage smoking in the UAE is constantly alarming the government with more teens engaging into tobacco smoking. A recent report divulges that one out of five teenage boys in UAE smokes (Bell n.p.). Basically, this number is high posing 20% rate on the teenage smoking case in the country. The researcher contemplates on the potential reasons that contribute to the easy access that allows teenage boys to smoke. If the level of accessibility can be lowered down to an extent that their consumption of tobacco products can be controlled, then the numbers would obviously go down. In a recent article written by Jennifer Bell for The National, she wrote that experts consider the cheap price of tobacco products and inadequate education about the health risks associated with tobacco smoking as main causes for the increasing number of teenagers engaging into tobacco smoking. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion of this topic by posing questions that are significantly relevant to the causes of teenage smoking: can changes in policies concerning the distribution of tobacco products help in reducing the number of teenagers engaging in tobacco smoking? How do we ensure that teenage kids are well-educated about the adverse effects of tobacco smoking to their health? The target audiences of this research are the government and the teenage smokers. First, the government because they have to initiate ways on how to lower down cases of teenage smoking; second, teenagers

Mass Media for Environmental Awareness

Mass Media for Environmental Awareness Perspective of pollution and use of mass media in environmental awareness for The Upper Lake: A case study Introduction South Asia, home to over one-fifth of the world’s population, is facing a growing water crisis. This region is in the grip of continuing flood and drought cycles, dictating the need for a long-term strategy for management of its water resources. Big and small water bodies, in the form of lakes and reservoirs, dot the landscape of South Asia. These ecosystems impound precious freshwater, and are the most easily-accessible source for human use. Historically, major cities in this region flourished in geographical regions with assured water supplies that sustained civilization for centuries (Kodarkar Mukerjee, 2006). Unfortunately, the last half of the 20th century has witnessed large-scale degradation of the environment in general, and water resources in particular, due to multiple anthropogenic factors such as unprecedented population growth, and consequent urbanization, industrialization and chemical intensive agriculture. Among the first victims of this degradation process were the lakes and reservoirs in the vicinity of urban areas that underwent large-scale pollution due to sewage and industrial effluents and toxic chemicals. In most cases, nutrient enrichment led to eutrophication of water bodies (Edmondson 1991), and exhibiting negative manifestations such as: Loss of water-spread area because of siltation and construction activities; Continuous algal blooms; Excessive growth of macrophytes (e.g, water hyacinth) and loss of biodiversity; and, Water quality degradation There also are drastic alterations in the morphometry (the process of measuring the external shape and dimensions of landforms, living organisms, or other objects) and water-holding capacity of lakes and reservoirs, due to inflow of silt, dumping of garbage and reclamation activities. The process has been further aggravated by encroachments and unauthorized construction activities in the catchment and on the lakebed. Compared to rural areas, the impact of this degradation is more severe in urban areas due to their high population densities. Because of the ecological, economical and recreational potential of lakes, there is an urgent need to protect, rehabilitate and conserve them as precious natural resources. Objectives This case briefly examines how these issues have been addressed for the Upper Lake of Bhopal, a part of the Bhoj Wetland, and the use of various media tool in environmental awareness for The Upper Lake, the Bhojtaal. Method Case study method is an approach that emphasizes detailed contextual analysis of a limited number of events or conditions and their relationships. Various researchers have used the case study research method for many years across a variety of disciplines. Journalists and media persons, in particular, have made wide use of this qualitative research method to examine contemporary real-life situations and provide the basis for the application of ideas and extension of methods. Researcher Robert K. Yin defines the case study research method as an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context; when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident; and in which multiple sources of evidence are used (Yin, 1984, p. 23). The present study, in this regard, used case study approach to the problem identified as above. For addressing the problem, secondary database from multiple sources have been used. The sources for the data collection were libraries, internet blogs, journals and books. Results and Discussion Available literature indicates that, in India, construction of storage reservoirs is an age-old practice. Former rulers contributed significantly by constructing large numbers of impoundments for providing drinking water to the people in their cities. This was particularly necessary in arid, semi-arid and other regions with highly erratic rainfall. The Upper Lake of Bhopal, arguably the oldest among the large man-made lakes in the central part of India, falls in this category. This lake was created in the early-11th century by King Bhoj by theParmaraRaja Bhojduring his tenure as a king of Malwa(1005–1055), by construction of an earthen dam across the Kolans River, a rain-fed tributary of the Betwa River. He is also said to have established the city of Bhopal (also named after him, then as Bhojpal) to secure the eastern frontier of his kingdom. There is a legend why the built the lake. The story behind creation of Bhojtaal According to an old story, once king Bhoj suffered from skin disease and allVaidyas(Doctor in English) failed to cure him. Then, one day asainttold the king to build a tank to combine 365 tributaries and then have a bath in it to wipe out the skin disease. Bhoj called upon his engineers to build up a huge tank. They spotted a place near riverBetwa, which was 32km away from Bhopal. It was found that it has only 359 tributaries. AGondCommander Kalia fulfilled this shortage. He then gave the address of an invisible river. After merging the tributaries of this river the number 365 was completed. The lake was created by constructing an earthen dam across the Kolans River. An eleven gate dam called the Bhadbhada damwas constructed at Bhadbhada in 1965 at the southeast corner of the Lake, and now controls the outflow to the river Kaliasote. The Upper Lower Bhopal lakes, collectively known as Bhoj Wetlands, are urban water bodies. The upper lake is a major source of potable water for the people of the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. The lower lake was constructed much later on the downstream of the dam of Upper lake. The eastern catchment of Upper Lake is urban whereas the western catchment is rural in nature. The Lower Lake is surrounded from all sides by human settlements. Economic Value The Upper Lake is a source of potable water and meets 40% of the demand i.e. 29 MGD of drinking water for the city’s growing population. Its fishing rights have been given on long lease by the BMC to a fisherman co-operative consisting of some 500 fishermen families. The Lower Lake is mainly a recreational site. The livelihood of 250 washer-men families belonging to socio-economically weaker sections of the society is dependent on the Lower Lake. Table 1: Details of the Bhojtal (Upper Lake) and Lower lake Environmental issues surrounding Bhojtaal According to various sources referred, the major issues concerning the environment of the lakes are as described below (table 2): Table 2: The Problems and causes surrounding pollutions in Bhojtaal. Problems Causes Reduction of storage capacity of lakes Inflow of silt and organic materials from urban and rural catchments along with monsoon runoff and dry weather flow. Addition of clay and non-biodegradable materials through immersion of idols. Obstruction to smooth flow through the spill channel of the Upper Lake resulting in a threat to the stability of the earthen dam. Constriction of the spill channel due to deposition of silt. Increase in seepage through the earthen dam of Upper Lake Improper maintenance and growth of vegetation over the dam had caused dislocation of stone lining of the dam Deterioration of water quality Inflow of untreated sewage from habitation. Dumping of Municipal wastes not collected by the Municipal Corporation. †¢ Dissolving of paints in water during immersion of idols. †¢ Run off of chemical fertilizers from the catchment. †¢ Activity of washing of cloths by people resulting in release of detergents. †¢ Leakage of oil during motor boating and cruise movement Flourishing growth of invasive aquatic plants †¢ High Nutrient load of lakes due to inflow of sewage and agricultural wastes. Reduction of water spread area. †¢ Encroachment on the lake fringe area which gets exposed when water level falls after rains. Environmental Pollution and impurities Caused by garbage thrown carelessly, empty bottles, throwing of food stuffs remained carelessly and diesel released by boats. Impurities are drawn in the lake coming out from the colonies, hotels and resorts and causes water pollution. Medical waste thrown in the lake Media tools used for awareness generation Media tools and materials developed and used for public awareness programme towards creating awareness of environmental pollution and its impact on Hoardings at Strategic locations Publications of special bulletin (Tal Sandesh to create awareness regarding diversion of Idol immersion activities). Advertisement in news papers regarding project actions. Communication through TV/Radio. T-Shirts/Caps showing massage of Save Bhopal Lakes used by the students/volunteers involved in awareness campaign. Stickers having various slogans for lake conservation were used sparingly to communicate the massage. The analysis of various literature reveals that several Public awareness programme and educational materials developed were developed like use of street theatres, Rallies, open forum discussions, workshops, seminars, Lectures and Audio-Visual shows, organizing various fairs, Mera Taal Mera Bhopal on World Environment Day, Jheel Mahotsav (in 2014), etc. Apart from all the above, big media houses participated in awareness generation activities to save the upper lake. Dainik Bhaskar’s Jalsatyagrah campaign was a big event in this regard. This Jalsatyagrah campaign is carried out by Dainik Bhaskar Group in many cities on regular intervals. The campaign includes activities like road shows, public meetings, awareness educational programes in schools and residential areas. Mobile exhibition demonstrating a working model of roof water harvesting is also organized in various cities. Dainik Bhaskar and other media groups like Dainik Jagran, Ptrika, etc. carries out special stories columns in its group newspaper on water conservation. Advertisements are also released on regular basis to create awareness about water conservation. In addition, Bhaskar Foundation has restored many village ponds in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Di-silting has been carried out with the help of public participation Conclusion In the developing countries, where financial resources are limited for infrastructural development, implementation of conservation plan for the conservation of a wetland system like Bhoj wetland is unique. It has tried various innovations both in case of application of technology and for taking help of public by the use of various IEC (Information, Education, and Communication) tools. Involvement of the public with the project, in part to solve the religious and social issues, is worth emulating in these parts of the world. Further, the use of various mass media tools have come out as innovations that has turned out as a positive change for the people of Bhopal and the lake itself. Bibliography Anonymous, (2004). Completion Report of Public Participation and Awareness Campaign under Lake Bhopal Conservation and Management Project. Detailed Project Report of Dredging and Desilting of lakes. (1998). Bhoj Wetland Project. Fateh, A.L. (1982). Our Environment. National Book Trust of India: New Delhi Kodarkar , M. S., Mukerjee, A. (2006). Bhoj wetland, Experience and lesion learning brief. Madhya Pradesh lake conservation authority, Bhopal, India, pp.1-2. Mukerjee, A. (2000). â€Å"Religious Activities and Water Pollution: Case Study of Idol Immersion in Upper and Lower Lakes of Bhopal.† Paper presented in World Lakes Session, 2nd World Water Forum in The Hague, Netherlands. Mukerjee, A., P.K. Nandi A.K. Bajpai. (2000). â€Å"Dynamics in Bhoj Wetland, Bhopal.† Paper presented at the 20th Annual International Symposium of the North American Lake Management Society, Madison, USA. Pani, S., B.J. Khan P.K. Nandi. (2002). â€Å"An analysis of effectiveness of restoration measures in the improvement of water quality of Bhoj Wetland.† In the Proceedings of the International Conference on Hydrology and Watershed Management, Hyderabad, India. Postel, S. (1984). â€Å"Water: Rethinking management in an age of scarcity.† World Watch Paper 62. Subrata, P. S.M. Misra. (1993). â€Å"Impact of hydraulic detention on the water quality characteristics of a tropical wetland (Lower lake).† In Pankaj Srivastava (ed.). Environmental pollution and its management. Tekale, N.S. (2003). â€Å"Idol immersion: A critical analysis of environmental impact on urban lakes and remedial measures.† In the Proceedings of the UGC-sponsored National Conference on Urban lakes: Environmental status economics and management options, Hyderabad, India Yin, R. K. (1984). Case study research: Design and methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Zafar, A.R. (1959). â€Å"Taxonomy of lakes.† Hydrobiologia 13(3): 187-299. Indu B. K. Upadhyay1

Reflection on a Critical Incident Essay example -- Nursing Reflective

Reflection has its importance in clinical practice; we always seek to be successful and that can be achieved by learning every day of our life through experiences we encounter. In that way we can reconsider and rethink our previous knowledge and add new learning to our knowledge base so as to inform our practice. Learning new skills does not stop upon qualifying; this should become second nature to thinking professionals as they continue their professional development throughout their careers (Jasper, 2006). According to Rolfe et al. (2001), reflection does not merely add to our knowledge, it also challenges the concepts and theories by which we try to make sense of that knowledge. Acquiring knowledge through reflection is modern way of learning from practice that can be traced back at least to the 1930s and the work of John Dewey, an American philosopher and educator who was the instigator of what might be called ''discovery learning'' or learning from experience. He claimed that w e learn by doing and that appreciating what results from what we do leads to a process of developing knowledge, the nature and importance of which then we must seek to interpret (Rolfe et al., 2001). In this assignment, the reflection will be structured using the educational cycle (framework) of Graham Gibbs, as per the recommendations of Rolfe et al. (2001), in that it is often neither the subject nor the content of what we reflect on that is necessarily important, but rather its analysis in terms of what can be drawn out in understanding and learning. In keeping within current legislation on the protection and respect of an individuals’ right of anonymity, (Clamp, Gough and Land 2004; Polit and Beck 2007), and to confidentiality, (Burns and G... ... and Wilkins. Philadelphia. p180. Rolfe, Gary; Freshwater, Dawn; Jasper, Melanie (2001). Critical reflection for nursing and the helping professions: a user's guide. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave. pp. 26–35 Summary of Rolfe et al.’s (2001) Reflective Model Web. 23 May 2015. http://www.cumbria.ac.uk/Public/LISS/Documents/skillsatcumbria/ReflectiveModelRolfe.pdf Standards of Proficiency (2014) Operating Department Practitioners 2 June 2014 http://www.hpc-uk.org/assets/documents/10000514standards_of_Proficiency_ODP.pdf Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. (2008) Health Professions Council UK http://www.hcpc-uk.org/publications/standards/index.asp?id=38 Webster CS, Merry AF, Larsson L, McGrath KA, Weller J. The frequency and nature of drug administration error during anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care 2001; 29: 494-500.

Political campaigns Essay

Political campaigns also provide much to reflect and think upon. They are also vastly entertaining particularly as the gloves come out and opposing parties start to play for keeps. Campaign ads are a powerful tool to cast yourself in a specific way, like trustworthy, honourable, and ready to get things done. However they can also be used to make your opponent look foolish, incompetent etc. A well written and developed add can be very affective no matter the content but some ads just go above and beyond. My favourite political add from 2006 was the Western for Bill Richardson for Governor. This ad is a particular favourite not for who was running but for the creativity of the ad. What is more American than a western? The commercial is quintessentially American. Sheriffs are naturally portrayed as being honest, trustworthy, brave, ready to right wrongs, ready to fight. Just by portraying Bill Richardson as the sheriff all of these virtues are implied without having to even mention them. It is a great parallel that some of Richardson’s accomplishments mesh with traditional sheriff duties such as jailing of violent criminals. Not only is the western traditional and symbolic but the humour that is displayed at the end just adds to the campaign. It shows that Richardson is not afraid to have fun and laugh at himself a bit. After all what sheriff would walk into a saloon and ask for milk. In the old days that would be the beginning of a fight right then and there. This commercial was particularly well done. It told an interesting story particularly in pictures and it played to Richardson’s strengths. It is a traditional campaign move to attack your opponents and display them in a negative like but I appreciate how Richardson keeps the focus on himself. After all if you are trying to promote yourself the best way is to show your strengths. Someone will display the opposition’s weakness; it always happens so why not try to have some fun. This political add looked like a lot of fun and I am sure Richardson had a lot of fun making it.

Australian Society in the 1950s and 1960s Essay

During the 1950s-1960s Australia’s popular culture was heavily influenced by American culture, trends and images. The 50s and 60s was the era of Rock ‘n’ Roll, Hippies, Rebellious teenagers, and drugs. These themes were all part of America’s culture and were portrayed to the rest of the world as important elements of American culture. These important elements of culture heavily influenced the growing nation of Australia – particularly during this period. Teenagers were the prominent generation of this time, with the consumers market aimed strait at them. The 60s saw the uprising of a new generation who strived to be different from their elders. During the 1950s-1960s American artists, American themes and American styles of music dominated the Australian music scene. Australian charts were packed with foreign American hits, Australian acts rarely making it into the Australian top ten. Radio stations devoted much less time to talking so they could fit in more American music, because that is what the Australian people wanted to hear. American artists such as Elvis Presley and Bill Haley (and his band ‘The Comets’) we hugely popular in Australia and were idols for the teenagers generation. During this time, Australia’s most notorious rock ‘n’ roll singer rose to fame – Johnny O’Keefe, Heavily influenced by American rock ‘n’ roll artists. The 50s and 60s saw the birth of a new generation – hippies. Hippies were a generation mainly composed of young people, either in their teens or early twenties. A generation of ‘free spirits’, whose main goals in life was to just be one with Mother Nature and promote peace and love. Hippies were looked down upon by older people because most hippies did not seem to care much about a stable, settled-down life. Hippies were usually involved in drugs (LSD was popular) and also believed in free love. Influenced by the growing American trends of hippy culture an Australian hippy culture began to emerge. The generation of hippies sometimes formed anti-government groups. This was evident in Australia when hippy anti-Vietnam war groups and hippy anti-communist groups started to appear. Aussie hippies spent a lot of time surfing and the stereotype of an Australian hippy included a VW Kombi, painted colorfully with peace signs with surfboards in the back. Australian hippies were following many of the movements of American hippies, especially  supporting the psycadelic and folk music scenes. In the mid 1950s television was introduced into the home and became a part of typical Australian households. Television was a gateway for Australians into American culture, since most of the earliest television shows were American. The Australian public was constantly watching American ways and American trends and began to adapt to those trends because the TV shows portrayed the American way of life as ‘cool’. Actors such as Elvis Presley playing rebellious teenagers in motion pictures influenced teenagers to be rebellious, because their own idol was. Australia’s own film industries did not kick off until the mid-80s, although film was a major part of Australian culture during the 50s and 60s. Families would regularly go to the movie theatre to watch American films on a Saturday night or go to the new American inventions – drive-ins. Drive-ins at that time were a symbol of American culture, and were a popular Saturday night entertainer. The reason why Australia was so heavily influenced by America during the 1950s and 1960s is because Australia was a young country, without any real identity that had to look abroad for influence. In comparison to America and the United Kingdom, Australia was still a very undeveloped nation. John Douglass Pringle, a Scottish journalist living in Sydney in the 50s and 60s said this about Australia’s outside influences; â€Å"Some Australian nationalists find a painful irony in the circumstance that, having fought against the British influence all their lives, they have won their battle only to find that American influence has taken it’s place†. It seems as though as Australia was striving to be different from its mother country, Great Britain, it became more and more like America without even realizing. Nowadays, in our multicultural society, it is difficult to stereotype a particular country as every country now influences countries across the globe. Popular culture in mega countries such as Australia, Great Britain and America is now very similar, because many companies and trends can easily spread across the globe due to better communication, although these countries are not without an individual and unique popular culture.

Essay of To Build a Fire by Jack London essays

Essay of To Build a Fire by Jack London essays The first paragraph talks about the  ¡cold and gray ¡ place where the man was being. And the reason why the place becomes gray is no sun. The second paragraph is about a dark hair-line, the main trail of Yukon the man was walking. In both of these two paragraphs, we have the idea what kind of situation the man faces. For example, "there was a sharp, explosive crackle" when the man spat speculatively. That shows that the weather is so cold that even the spit becomes frozen as soon as exposed in the air. In the third paragraph, we can find that the man does not care about the cold weather. Although he is "quick and alert in the things of life" he lacks of imagination. In contrast with the man, the dog in the story is a symbol of the instinct for survival and alertness to prevent itself from danger. In the following paragraphs, the writer keeps using a lot of descriptions to narrate how cold the weather is and the man's ignorance and indifference about the nature. And he always follows reason and man's judgment. Therefore, he is not aware of men's fragility and too convinced of himself. We can see the difference between the man and the dog. He ignores the facts of dangers in such a cold place; maybe it ¡s because the man lacks of instincts that he may unconsciously know the meanings of the various facts he encounters. But the dog is totally different; it cannot tell precisely about the danger of such a cold weather, but it just knows that it has no good to travel in the cold weather, it ¡s better to stay in the cave and rest; it also know the risk of spring, the danger of staying to close to the fire, and it also knows to lick the ice in between its toes. When the first accident happens, the man curses his bad luck. The  ¡luck ¡ shows us it ¡s something humans cannot control; and another accident  ¡falling snow ¡ is also an action out of an individual ¡s control. There is no moral judgment on the man ¡s a...

Leadership and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership and Change - Essay Example The basic advantage of the internal change is that it can be avoided, can be postponed and can be further amended to bring a choice based condition into change activity. And there is strong evidence suggesting that the organizations prefer to use and incorporate internal changes instead of implementing change dictated by the external forces. The external change cannot be a voluntary act. The organizations do not have choice whether to implement it or avoid it. The external change cannot be avoided. The management of organizations is bound to implement conditions required by the external change. The effects of the external change may not be welcomed by the organizations. The fundamental problem with the external change is that its developers do not have direct relationship with senior management of the organizations but they are normally developed and enforced by the regulatory authorities who have their objectives to be served by implementing the change requirements. As a result, the organizations do not wholeheartedly accept the impacts of the external change. And most of the time, they intend and prefer to resist the external change whenever they receive any opportunity to do so. ... Change in the organization Change is essential to organizational survival (Van de Ven 1986). More clearly, change through the pursuit of new strategies becomes a highly significant component for organizational survival. All too often, however, organizations fail to remain adaptive to exogenous shifts in their environment (Christensen and Bowers 1996; Kotter 1996). The expansive literature highlights the factors favouring organizational stability and resistance to change (Nelson and Winter 1982; Tolbert and Zucker 1983; Hannan and Freeman 1984). Even when top management recognize the need to change, publicly declare new strategic initiative, change or modify incentives and divert significant resources to develop supportive organizational structures the persistence of existing older norms persistently impede organizational transformation. However, the challenge of change is even more daunting for organization working in highly institutionalized framework with strong traditions along wi th well-established norms of behaviour (DiMaggio and Powell 1983; Kaartz and Moore 2002). Despite such circumstances, the organizations do survive and continue doing business. Understanding the differential capability of organizations to change has become a central point (Bercovitz and Feldman 2008). And recent research denote that understanding variation in organizational response to external pressure requires inspecting and examining intra-organizational dynamics and the actions of individuals in that context as well (Greenwood and Hinings 1996). Type of change New technology has necessitated a real estate agency to introduce and implement

Strategic Hotel Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Hotel Management Issues - Essay Example . Also, management must decide whether it wishes to skim the market or penetrate it deeply. In such cases, the major challenge is to ensure that each of the channels makes sense on economic grounds. Flexibility and risk mitigation techniques will help a hotel operator to obtain a stable market position in Vietnam. Following Rutherford, a tourism industry is influenced by political, social and economic factors of a particular country. Using the case of the USA, it is possible to say that "among the country's living patterns. People and industry have moved from the so-called rust belt to the sun belt. The explosion of technology and information-based companies has concentrated human endeavor in technological corridor" (Rutherford 2006, p. 1). The country selected for analysis is Vietnam. In today's transformation from the industrial to the postindustrial era, managers devote much energy and time on each firm's strategic posture. Taking advantage of new opportunities and deflating threats may be the essence of strategy, but changes in strategy do not just happen automatically. Strategy depends on a firm's ability to identify emerging patterns in the business environmentand to act accordingly on time. Strategy design depends on learning or, more precisely, on institutional learning. Opportunities and threats will be anal... Opportunities and Threats for the Hotel Industry In Vietnam Opportunities and threats will be analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics, technology, market segmentation, vocation resorts, national economy, travel patterns and types of investments. Modern Vietnam (south and North), can be characterized by productivity, unemployment, and corporate restructuring preoccupying industrialized society, causing anxiety to firms unprepared to deal with these problems. Thus, as a developing country, Vietnam proposes opportunities for a hotel business (DeFranco and Noriega 1999). Opportunities Opportunities in Vietnam are connected with young population and huge investments in business, technological developments and modernization processes. Since 60 percent of Vietnam's population is under the age of 25, it is no surprise that hotel chains are also quick to make moves in Vietnam. Experts agree that the Vietnamese market holds tremendous potential over the long term. It may be two decades before Vietnam reaches the level of economic development found in Thailand today. Meanwhile, the country's location in the heart of Asia and the presence of an ample, low-wage workforce are powerful magnets for foreign companies. Overall FDI peaked at about $3.1 billion in 1997 after rising steadily since the early 1990s. Investment pledges totaled $1.48 billion in 1999, down dramatically from $4 billion in 2004. U.S. investment in Vietnam has lagged well behind that of other countries (VIETNAM: Economic Policy Analysis, 2006). Technology is still underdeveloped by local companies and in ternational corporation invest heavily in this sphere of business (Dittmer 2001; see appendix 1,2). Threats The population is very poor, with 2005 annual per